纪录片部落--纪录片《[BBC纪录片]下一次大地震TheNextMegaquake-1080P高清迅雷网盘下载》高清百度云1080p下载
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：下一次大地震The Next Megaquake-1080P高清迅雷网盘下载
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由Jack Fortune主持并由BBC发行的科学纪录片作为BBC Horizo??n系列的一部分在2005年播出-英语旁白Science Documentary hosted by Jack Fortune and published by BBC broadcasted as part of BBC Horizon series in 2005- English narration
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在2004年节礼日，世界震惊，这是有史以来最严重的自然灾害之一。造成如此巨大破坏的原因是地球上最强烈的地震-巨大的推力。大推力地震仅发生在特定的断层上。如今，科学家发现，这样的断层可能会在北美洲海岸附近引起巨大的特大推力地震和海啸。俯冲带地球表面被划分成巨大的岩石板块-大多数地震发生在断层处，其中两个盘子相遇。当板块碰撞时，其中一个板块通常会被推到另一个板块的下方-这就是俯冲作用。毫不奇怪，俯冲过程会非常剧烈。这两个板块可能会粘在一起，结果是发生俯冲的区域（俯冲带）被压缩了。最终，对断层的压力变得太大。盘子突然滑过彼此。结果是大推力地震。俯冲带主要分布在东南亚（如引起印度洋海啸的俯冲带）和环太平洋地区。早已知道，俯冲带沿着太平洋西北海岸，从加利福尼亚北部一直延伸到加拿大的温哥华岛。它被称为卡斯卡迪亚俯冲带，与包括圣海伦斯山在内的喀斯喀特火山级联。卡斯卡迪亚安静的人没有人认为该地区受到地震的威胁很大，很大程度上是因为那里没有大地震的历史记录。关于这个问题的第一个建议是在拟定计划在华盛顿州海岸附近建造多个核电站时提出的。加利福尼亚理工学院的地球物理学家和工程师汤姆·希顿被邀请来研究地质灾害的角度。希顿指出，卡斯卡迪亚俯冲带可能会产生大推力地震，如果最后一次地震发生在18世纪欧洲人抵达该地区之前，则可能无法解释历史记录。希顿指出存在着原住民的美国传说，这些传说可能描述了书面记录开始之前发生的特大推力地震。到底，核电站项目资金用光，反应堆从未完工。希顿的担忧仍只是理论上的-没有科学证据表明确实发生过此类地震。沼泽和河口专家布赖恩·阿特沃特（Brian Atwater）听说希顿的理论后，他决定自己看看。他开始在记录土著传说的地区进行调查。他发现有证据表明过去一段时间土地水平突然发生了变化。海岸跌落了，淹没了泥泞的森林。其他地质学家很快在整个太平洋西北海岸发现了类似的证据。最简单的解释是，过去曾发生过巨大的特大推力地震。但是，这一证据仍不足以说服。孤儿海啸最引人入胜的证据来自日本。正如印尼地震所表明的那样，特大推力地震会产生能够穿越整个海洋的海啸。如果有bOn Boxing Day 2004 the world was shocked by one of the worst natural disasters of all time. The cause of so much devastation was the most powerful kind of earthquake on the planet - a megathrust. Megathrust earthquake only occur on a particular kind of fault. Scientists have now discovered that just such a fault could cause a huge megathrust earthquake and tsunami right off the coast of North America.The subduction zonesThe surface of the earth is divided into giant plates of rock - and most earthquakes occur at faults where two of the plates meet. Where the plates are colliding one of the plates usually gets pushed down under the other - this is subduction.Not surprisingly, the process of subduction can be very violent. The two plates can get stuck together and the result is that the area where subduction is occurring (the subduction zone) gets compressed. Eventually the strain on the fault becomes too much. The plates suddenly slip past each other. The result is a megathrust earthquake.Subduction zones are mainly found in South East Asia (like the subduction zone that caused the Indian Ocean Tsunami) and around the Pacific Rim. It has long been known that a subduction zone runs along the Pacific northwest coast, from northern California all the way to Vancouver Island in Canada. It's called the Cascadia Subduction Zone, and is linked to the Cascade Range of volcanoes that includes Mt St Helens.Quiet in CascadiaNo one, however, thought that this area was at significant risk from earthquakes, largely because there was no historical record of large earthquakes there. The first suggestion of a problem came when plans were drawn up to build a number of nuclear power stations near the coast of Washington state.Tom Heaton, a geophysicist and engineer from the California Institute of Technology, was brought in to examine the proposal from a geohazards perspective. Heaton pointed out the possibility that the Cascadia Subduction Zone might be capable of producing a megathrust earthquake.The lack of historical record might be explained if the last such earthquake had occurred before Europeans arrived in the region during the 18th century. Heaton pointed to the existence of Native American legends that might be describing a megathrust earthquake that had happened before written records began. In the end, the nuclear power station project ran out of money and the reactors were never completed. Heaton's concerns were still just theoretical - there was no scientific evidence that such earthquakes had actually occurred.When Brian Atwater, a specialist in marshes and estuaries, heard about Heaton's theory he decided to take a look himself. He started investigating in the very areas where the Native legends had been recorded. He found evidence that some time in the past there had been a sudden change in land level. The coast had dropped down, drowning forests under layers of mud. Other geologists soon found similar evidence all along the Pacific northwest coast. The simplest explanation was that there had been a huge megathrust earthquake in the past. This evidence, however, still wasn't enough to convince.The orphan tsunamiThe most intriguing piece of evidence came from Japan. As the Indonesian earthquake has shown, megathrust earthquakes can create tsunamis capable of crossing entire oceans. If there had been a giant earthquake in Cascadia it should have sent a tsunami across to Japan. So Japanese geologist Kenji Satake looked in old Japanese texts for any record of such a tsunami.What he was looking for was an orphan tsunami, a wave the comes out of nowhere, with no local earthquake recorded. Satake and his colleagues found several such records from January 1700. The final proof came when scientists in America were able to date the land level change there by looking at the tree rings of drowned red cedar trees. They found that entire forests had been killed in the winter of 1699/1700, matching the Japanese records perfectly.This evidence enabled scientists to put together a picture of the last Cascadia megathrust earthquake. It occurred around 9pm on 26 January 1700, and would have had a devastating effect on over 600 miles of coast. It's little wonder that the Native people of the region passed on legends of that event that survive to this day.A deadly warningBefore the 1700 event was discovered, the people of the Pacific north-west would have had little awareness of the threat of earthquakes and even less of tsunamis. Now that is starting to change. Tsunami evacuation signs are being installed along the coast. The region's building codes are now some of the strictest in the world. All new buildings are designed to withstand a powerful earthquake.However, building to survive a megathrust earthquake is a major challenge. These earthquakes tend to last several minutes - much longer than other quakes - and there is little knowledge about how modern buildings will react to such shaking.As the events of Boxing Day 2004 showed, the tsunami unleashed by the sudden movement of the sea floor can be even more devastating than the earthquake. Unlike the Indian Ocean, the Pacific has a warning system that should give the other nations of the Pacific Rim many hours of warning.On the Pacific northwest coast, however, a tsunami from Cascadia will arrive in some places in under half an hour. In such regions the key to saving lives is education. People there have to know that if they feel an earthquake they should move inland and to high ground. This knowledge could save many lives.The terrible events of 26 December are a warning to the world that we should be better prepared for these huge geological catastrophes. This message has particular significance for the people of the Pacific northwest. One day that region will be hit by a megathrust that will probably be very similar to the Indonesian earthquake. At least, thanks to the work of many scientists, they have been forewarned.
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【技术参数】——
视频编码: XVID
比特率: 1688 kbps
Video 分辨率: 352x624
Video 画面比例: 9x16 (1:1.77)
音频编码: MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) <0x0055>
音频比特率: 132 kbps
音频串流: 1
音频语言: English
分集时长: 48 min 48.80 s (73220 Frames)
体积: 639.36 MB
Subtitles: English
发布人：: ACook【Technical Specs】——
Video Codec: XVID
Video Bitrate: 1688 kbps
Video Resolution: 352x624
Video Aspect Ratio: 9x16 (1:1.77)
Audio Codec: MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) <0x0055>
Audio BitRate: 132 kbps
Audio Streams: 1
Audio Languages: English
RunTime Per Part: 48 min 48.80 s (73220 Frames)
Part Size: 639.36 MB
Subtitles: English
Ripped by: ACook
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