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[Channel 4系列]：文明：是西方的历史Civilization: Is the West History-1080P高清迅雷网盘下载
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由尼尔·弗格森（Niall Ferguson）主持的科学纪录片，由第四频道在2011年出版-英语旁白Science Documentary hosted by Niall Ferguson, published by Channel 4 in 2011- English narration
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文明：是西方的历史尼尔·弗格森（Niall Ferguson）问为什么西方文明起源于15世纪的不祥之风，成为统治世界其他地区的原因？西方是否即将被其他国家超越。弗格森（Ferguson）揭示了西方成功的“杀手apps”-竞争，科学，拥有民主的财产，现代医学，消费者社会和新教徒的职业道德-真正解释了五个世纪以来，明显的少数人类如何成功确保地球资源的最大份额。弗格森的结论令人惊讶且具有挑衅性。他透露，尽管杀手级应用最终被其他人下载了，但在此过程中，西方文明对自己失去了信心。??竞赛???该系列的第一个节目开始于1420年，当时中国明朝（Ming China）被公认为世界上最先进的文明：“天下万物（All Under Heaven）”。相比之下，在《玫瑰大战》前夕的英格兰似乎很原始。但是，中国在技术方面已经确立的领先地位不能转化为持续的经济增长。在中国，一个庞大的帝国扼杀了殖民扩张和经济创新。在欧洲，政治部门孕育了竞争。我们自己时间的问题是，我们是否已经在迅速崛起的亚洲失去了竞争优势。[编辑]???科学???1683年，奥斯曼帝国军队围攻了欧洲最强大帝国的首都维也纳。东方统治西方的情况令人震惊。但是伊斯兰教被打败了：与其说是科学，还不如说是火力。尼尔·弗格森问为什么伊斯兰世界没有参加科学革命和启蒙运动，如果西方国家仍然能够保持其科学领先，而此时在理科教育水平在下降的。[编辑]???物业???弗格森教授问，为什么北美成功了，而南美却落后了这么多个世纪呢。两者有很多共同点（尤其是对土著人民的屈服和欧洲移民对奴隶制的使用），但在个人财产权，法治和代议制政府方面存在着巨大差异。在1776年至1820年间，发生了两次反对王室统治的革命，但西蒙·玻利瓦尔（SimonBolívar）永远不可能成为乔治·华盛顿（George Washington），即使美国崛起成为全球首屈一指的国家，拉丁美洲仍然在政治上支离破碎，社会分化和经济落后。但是，尼尔·弗格森（Niall Ferguson）询问今天北方和南方是否在语言和经济上都在融合。[编辑]???Medicine MCGroup???尼尔·弗格森（Niall Ferguson）研究了19世纪晚期现代医学的发展如何使西方文明出口到“黑暗大陆”：非洲成为可能。法国帝国有意识地着手通过改善公共卫生和建设现代基础设施，使西非文明。然而在其他欧洲帝国中，尤其是在西南非洲的德国，殖民统治导致了种族灭绝。从医学到种族伪科学的联系是什么？帝国主义者谈到了他们的文明使命，但他们的对抗最终导致了世界大战，危及西方在全球的统治地位。今天，西方援助机构是否吸取了过去的教训？Civilization: Is the West HistoryNiall Ferguson asks why it was that Western civilization, from inauspicious roots in the 15th century, came to dominate the rest of the world; and if the West is about to be overtaken by the rest. Ferguson reveals the 'killer apps' of the West's success - competition, science, the property owning democracy, modern medicine, the consumer society and the Protestant work ethic - the real explanation of how, for five centuries, a clear minority of mankind managed to secure the lion's share of the earth's resources. Ferguson's conclusions are surprising and provocative. He reveals that while the killer apps have finally been downloaded by the rest, in the process Western civilization has lost faith in itself. And it is that loss of self-belief that poses the biggest threat to its continued predominance.[edit] Competition The first programme in the series begins in 1420 when Ming China had a credible claim to be the most advanced civilization in the world: 'All Under Heaven'. England on the eve of the Wars of the Roses would have seemed quite primitive by contrast. Yet the lead that China had established in technology was not to be translated into sustained economic growth. In China a monolithic empire stifled colonial expansion and economic innovation. In Europe political division bred competition. The question for our own time is whether or not we have lost that competitive edge to a rapidly ascending Asia.[edit] Science In 1683 the Ottoman army laid siege to Vienna, the capital of Europe's most powerful empire. Domination of East over West was an alarmingly plausible scenario. But Islam was defeated: not so much by firepower as by science. Niall Ferguson asks why the Islamic world didn't participate in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, and if the West is still capable of maintaining its scientific lead, at a time when educational attainment in science subjects is declining.[edit] Property Professor Ferguson asks why North America succeeded while South America for so many centuries lagged behind. The two had much in common (not least the subjugation of indigenous peoples and the use of slavery by European immigrants), but they differed profoundly on individual property rights, the rule of law and representative government. There were two revolutions against royal rule between 1776 and 1820, yet Simon Bolívar was never able to be George Washington, and Latin America remained politically fragmented, socially divided and economically backward even as the United States rose to global primacy. However, Niall Ferguson asks whether North and South are converging today, linguistically and economically.[edit] Medicine MCGroup Niall Ferguson looks at how late 19th-century advances in modern medicine made it possible to export Western civilization to the 'Dark Continent': Africa. The French Empire consciously set out to civilize West Africa by improving public health as well as building a modern infrastructure. Yet in other European empires - notably Germany's in southwest Africa - colonial rule led to genocide. What was the link from medical science to racial pseudo-science? The imperialists talked of their civilizing mission, but their rivalry ultimately caused world wars that endangered the West's global dominance. Today, have Western aid agencies learned lessons from the past? Or is China in the process of building a new African empire?[edit] Consumerism Today the world is becoming more homogenous and, with increasingly few exceptions, big-name brands dominate main streets, high streets and shopping malls all over the globe. We dress the same; we want the same latest technological kit; we drive the same cars. But where did this uniformity come from? The answer is the combination of the industrial revolution and the consumer society. Originating in Britain but flourishing most spectacularly in America, the advent of mass consumption has changed the way the world worked. Led by the Japanese, one non-Western society after another has adopted the same model, embracing the Western way of manufacturing and consuming. Only the Muslim world has resisted. But how long can the burkha hold out against Levi's? Niall Ferguson examines whether we are now seeing the first effective challenge to the global dominance of Western consumerism.[edit] Work The sixth element that enabled the West to dominate the rest was the work ethic. Max Weber famously linked it to Protestantism, but the reality is that any culture regardless of religion is capable of embracing the spirit of capitalism by working hard, saving and accumulating capital. The question is why that ethic seems now to be fading in the West. Europeans no longer work long hours; Americans have almost given up saving completely. The real workers and savers in the world are now the heirs of Confucius and not Calvin. Perhaps, ironically, the biggest threat to Western civilization could turn out to be this Westernization of the world if the consequence of Asian economic growth is to change the global climate for the worse. Yet these fears may underestimate the ability of Western civilization to solve the world's problems. In the final programme of the series, Niall Ferguson argues that the real threat to our survival is our loss of faith not in religion but in ourselves.
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【技术参数】——
视频编码: XviD ISO MPEG-4
比特率: 1888 kbps
Video 分辨率: 720 x 416
Video 画面比例: 1.731 (16:9)
帧速率: 25帧速率
音频编码: 0x2000 (Dolby AC3)
音频比特率: 192 kb/s AC3 48000 Hz
音频串流: 2ch
音频语言: English
分集时长 47.mins
分集数: 6
体积: 701 MB
来源: DVD
编码: Harry65【Technical Specs】——
Video Codec: XviD ISO MPEG-4
Video Bitrate: 1888 kbps
Video Resolution: 720 x 416
Video Aspect Ratio: 1.731 (16:9)
Frames Per Second: 25fps
Audio Codec: 0x2000 (Dolby AC3)
Audio Bitrate: 192 kb/s AC3 48000 Hz
Audio Streams: 2ch
Audio Languages: English
RunTime per Part 47.mins
Number Of Parts: 6
Part Size: 701 MB
Source: DVD
Encoded by: Harry65
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发表于 2020-7-13 23:35:55
发表于 2020-8-8 17:12:33