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[PBS系列]：四翼恐龙The Four-Winged Dinosaur-1080P高清迅雷网盘下载
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由Lance Lewman主持并由PBS出版的科学纪录片，是PBS Nova系列电视剧的一部分，于2008年播出-英语旁白Science Documentary hosted by Lance Lewman and published by PBS broadcasted as part of PBS Nova series in 2008- English narration
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PBS的原始广播日期：2008年2月26日，2002年，美丽而奇特的化石的发现令科学家惊讶，并重新引发了关于飞行起源的争论。这个拥有1.3亿年历史的生物拥有四个翅膀和保存完好的羽毛，是古生物学家从未见过的东西。在这个程序中，NOVA进入了中国的石矿场，在那里发现了化石著名的化石宝库＆ ＃8212；并与古生物学，生物力学，空气动力学，动画和科学重建领域的世界领先人物进行非常规的实验：对古怪的科学复制品进行风洞飞行测试。化石是有史以来发现的最小的恐龙之一，也是最有争议的恐龙之一，挑战有关飞行演变的传统理论和假设。（将Microraptor的骨骼与已知的最早鸟类和一个非飞行的恐龙亲属的骨骼进行比较。）但是Microraptor是如何使用其翅膀的呢？它是否以20世纪早期的双翼飞机的样式排列了安装在手臂和腿上的机翼，以低速产生高升力？它是否使用它们创建了一个单一的提升面以实现高效，快速的滑行？它是否采用了这两种方法的某种组合？为了回答这些问题，NOVA采访了中国古生物学家徐星，他首先认识到了微猛禽的重要性，并为其命名；为回答这些问题，它们是否对飞行没用，而可能是出于其他目的，例如吸引伴侣。古生物学家马克·诺雷尔（Mark Norell）和美国自然历史博物馆的画家米克·埃里森（Mick Ellison）；堪萨斯大学的古生物学家拉里·马丁；哈佛大学比较动物学博物馆的解剖学家Farish Jenkins；此外，NOVA委托了Microraptor的“飞行就绪”风洞模型，该模型配有羽毛和关节。历史上，艺术家通过帮助重建古代动物的外表和行为，在古生物学中发挥了重要作用。以微型猛禽为例，根据不同的标本和不同的技术，进行了两种完全不同的重建，一个在美国自然历史博物馆，另一个在堪萨斯大学。对于鸟类的飞行起源，这两种截然不同的重建方案引起了长期的科学争论。多年来，辩论一直是两个阵营之间的对峙。那些阵营认为恐龙是鸟类的祖先，而那些不是恐龙。（电影制片人马克·戴维斯（Mark Davis）听到了这场辩论为何使他着迷了二十年的声音））恐龙与鸟类之间的联系的人们普遍认为飞行一定是从头开始的，而快速运转的恐龙最终才得以实现羽毛般的手臂演变成机翼，空中飞跃演变成动力飞行。鸟类与恐龙之间的联系的怀疑论者说，运行中的恐龙实际上不可能克服重力并脱离地面。从小到大，小到大，树栖爬行动物从树梢滑落而成为成熟的飞行物。这似乎排除了恐龙，Original PBS Broadcast Date: February 26, 2008In 2002, the discovery of a beautiful and bizarre fossil astonished scientists and reignited the debate over the origin of flight. With four wings and superbly preserved feathers, the 130 million-year-old creature was like nothing paleontologists had ever seen before.In this program, NOVA travels to the Chinese stone quarry where the fossil was discovered—a famed fossil treasure-trove—and teams up with the world's leading figures in paleontology, biomechanics, aerodynamics, animation, and scientific reconstruction to perform an unorthodox experiment: a wind tunnel flight test of a scientific replica of the ancient oddity.Dubbed Microraptor, the crow-sized fossil is one of the smallest dinosaurs ever found and one of the most controversial, challenging conventional theories and assumptions about the evolution of flight. (Compare Microraptor's skeleton with those of the earliest known bird and a nonflying dino relative.)But how did Microraptor use its wings? Did it array its arm- and leg-mounted wings in the style of an early 20th-century biplane to produce high lift at low speed? Did it use them to create a single lifting surface for efficient, swift gliding? Did it employ some combination of these two methods? Or were the extra wings useless for flight and likely to have been for some other purpose, such as attracting a mate?To answer these questions, NOVA interviews Chinese paleontologist Xu Xing, who first recognized the importance of Microraptor and gave it its name; paleontologist Mark Norell and artist Mick Ellison of the American Museum of Natural History; paleontologist Larry Martin of the University of Kansas; anatomist Farish Jenkins of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University; and aerodynamicist Kenny Breuer of Brown University.In addition, NOVA commissions a "flight-ready" wind tunnel model of Microraptor complete with feathers and articulating joints. (Test-fly Microraptor yourself in a virtual wind tunnel.)Artists have historically played an important role in paleontology by helping to reconstruct the appearance and behavior of ancient animals. In the case of Microraptor, two completely different reconstructions were made, one at the American Museum of Natural History, and the other at the University of Kansas, based on different specimens and different techniques.The two markedly different reconstructions play into a long-running scientific controversy over the origin of flight in birds. For years the debate has been a standoff between two camps—those who believe dinosaurs were the ancestors of birds, and those who do not. (Hear from the film's producer, Mark Davis, on why this debate has fascinated him for two decades.)Believers in the dinosaur-bird connection have generally assumed that flight must have begun from the ground up, with fast-running dinosaurs that eventually got airborne as feathered arms evolved into wings, and running leaps evolved into powered flight.Skeptics of the bird-dinosaur link say it would have been physically impossible for running dinosaurs to overcome gravity and get off the ground. It made more sense for flight to evolve from the trees down, with small, arboreal reptiles that glided from the treetops on their way to becoming full-fledged fliers. And that seemed to rule out dinosaurs, which presumably couldn't climb trees.As seen in this program, the American Museum's Mark Norell is one of the proponents of the "birds-are-dinosaurs" hypothesis, which is the predominant view among most paleontologists, while Larry Martin of the University of Kansas speaks out for the minority view that birds descended from non-dinosaur tree dwellers.Tantalizingly, Microraptor is the unexpected missing link that has reignited the debate and, with the help of NOVA's model and wind tunnel tests, just might settle the issue—or at the very least deepen our understanding of the long-ago era when the ancestors of birds first took to the air.
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【技术参数】——
视频编码: XviD ISO MPEG-4
比特率: 1520 kbps
Video 分辨率: 720x416
Video 画面比例: 1.731:1
帧速率: 29.970
音频编码: 0x2000 (Dolby AC3) AC3
音频比特率: 384kb/s CBR 48000 Hz
音频串流: 6
音频语言: English
分集时长: 54:31.935
分集数: 1
体积: 745MB
Subtitles: No
Capped and 编码: Syoung333
Re-编码: Cj4gta【Technical Specs】——
Video Codec: XviD ISO MPEG-4
Video Bitrate: 1520 kbps
Video Resolution: 720x416
Video Aspect Ratio: 1.731:1
Frames Per Second: 29.970
Audio Codec: 0x2000 (Dolby AC3) AC3
Audio Bitrate: 384kb/s CBR 48000 Hz
Audio Streams: 6
Audio Languages: English
RunTime Per Part: 54:31.935
Number Of Parts: 1
Part Size: 745MB
Subtitles: No
Capped and encoded by: Syoung333
Re-encoded by: Cj4gta
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相关纪录片：
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Links
Further Information
More about Microraptor
Release Post
MVGroup.org (ed2k)
MVGroup.org (torrent)
FileHeaven.org
FTIReloaded.net
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Related Documentaries
Life in the Air
Fossil Wonderlands: Nature's Hidden Treasures
Flying Monsters
Flying Sky Monsters
Evolutions
Flight of the Pterosaurs
Killer Raptors
Dinos in the Air
Prehistoric Park
The Dinosaur Feather Mystery
The Dinosaur that Fooled the World
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发表于 2020-7-13 23:37:26
发表于 2020-7-22 21:22:41