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[BBC系列]：Lapedo儿童The Lapedo Child-1080P高清迅雷网盘下载
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???英国广播公司（BBC）在2001年出版的历史，科学纪录片-英语旁白History, Science Documentary published by BBC in 2001 - English narration
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Lapedo山谷位于葡萄牙中部，距离里斯本以北约87英里（140公里），靠近莱里亚市。1998年11月，考古学家来到这里检查报告？哪个是真的？发现了史前岩画；在调查过程中，他们还发现了一个石灰石岩石掩体，拉加韦洛遗址。土地所有者于1992年推土机填补了上面两到三米高的土地，后者在后壁的裂隙中留下了悬垂的沉积物残留物，但其中包含了如此高密度的旧石器时代的石器，骨头和木炭。显然，拉加尔维（Lagar Velho）是重要的占领地点。随后的发掘证实了这一点，产生了23170到20220年前的放射性碳年代。更有趣的是，是在掩体东端的地面发现人骨和红red石；原来这是一个孩子的坟墓，这是伊比利亚半岛有史以来唯一的旧石器时代墓葬。推土机压碎了头骨，但奇迹般地将其其余部分遗漏了1英寸（2厘米）。在圣诞节前进行了救援挖掘，起初是在高度机密的情况下进行的，以免对独特发现造成任何危险从媒体曝光。这项工作很困难，因为微小的植物根部已经穿透了海绵状的骨头。筛分扰动的沉积物导致160个颅骨碎片得以恢复，这些颅骨碎片约占颅骨总数的80％。颅后骨骼完好无损。它属于一个三岁半到五岁的孩子（根据牙列的发育情况），他被仔细地故意埋在一个深浅的坑中，以便头和脚更高而不是臀部（这是推土机撞击头骨的方式）。手靠近臀部。尸体被放在烧焦的苏格兰松树树枝上，可能放在被红o石覆盖的皮革中。cher石的头部特别厚，在骨头的上下表面都沾满了污渍。尸体的两腿之间夹着完整的兔子尸体，头部和脚部还有一些红鹿遗体，尤其是骨盆骨头。还有六个装饰品，也染有红o石：四个来自四个不同马鹿的穿孔犬齿（两个雄性和两个雌性）和两个来自大西洋（Littorina obtusata）的长春花壳。鹿齿与孩子的头骨碎片相关，因此可能是头饰的一部分。一个穿孔的壳是完整的，并在孩子的左肩上靠近颈椎的地方就位，因此被认为是吊坠。所有这些装饰品上的磨损痕迹证明，它们不仅是陪葬装束，而且已被广泛使用。不幸的是，该墓葬没有其他考古背景-尽管在拉加·韦略（Lagar Velho）的占领层中发现了相同的穿孔牙齿和贝壳，但其年龄需要通过放射性碳测年来确定。分析坟墓中的木炭碎片以及兔子和其他食草动物的骨骼，产生25,000到24之间的结果，??形态混合体但是，虽然这个孩子的葬礼本身很重要，但另一个特征却具有至关重要的意义。当骨头The Lapedo Valley is located in central Portugal, about 87 miles (140 kilometers) north of Lisbon, near the city of Leiria. In November 1998, archaeologists came here to check reports? which proved true? that prehistoric rock paintings had been found; in the course of their investigations they also discovered a limestone rock shelter, the Lagar Velho site. The upper two or three meters of its fill had been bulldozed away in 1992 by the land owner, which left a hanging remnant of sediment in a fissure along the back wall, but this contained such a density of Upper Paleolithic stone tools, bones and charcoal that it was clear that Lagar Velho had been an important occupation site.Subsequent excavations confirmed this, producing radiocarbon dates of 23,170 to 20,220 years ago. More intriguing, however, was the discovery of human bones and red ocher at the eastern end of the shelter, at ground level; this turned out to be a child's grave, the only Paleolithic burial ever found in the Iberian Peninsula. The bulldozer had crushed the skull but,by a miracle, had missed the rest of the body by 1 inch (2 centimeters).A rescue excavation was carried out at Christmas, initially in conditions of great secrecy to avoid any dangers to the unique find from media exposure. The work was difficult because tiny plant roots had penetrated the spongy bones. Sieving of the disturbed sediments led to the recoveryof 160 cranial fragments, which constitute about 80 percent of the total skull.The postcranial skeleton was intact. It belonged to a child of three-and-a-half to five years old (on the basis of the development of the dentition) who was carefully and deliberately buried in an extended position in a shallow pit so that the head and feet were higher than the hips (this is how the skull was hit by the bulldozer). The hands were closeto the hips. The body had been placed on a burned Scots pine branch,probably in a hide covered in red ocher. The ocher was particularly thick around the head and stained the upper and lower surfaces of the bones.The body was accompanied by a complete rabbit carcass between its legs and some remains of red deer, notably pelvis bones, by its head and feet. There were also six ornaments, also stained with red ocher: four perforated canines from four different red deer (two male and two female)and two periwinkle shells from the Atlantic (Littorina obtusata).The deerteeth were associated with the child's skull fragments, so were probably part of a headdress. One perforated shell was complete and found in situ over the child's left shoulder, near the cervical vertebrae, so is thought tobe a pendant.The worn traces of suspension on all these ornaments prove that they were not just funerary attire but had been much used. Unfortunately, the burial had no other archaeological context - although identical perforated teeth and shells were found in Lagar Velho's occupation layers - its age to be confirmed by radiocarbon dating.Analysis of charcoal fragments from the grave, as well as rabbit and other herbivore bones, produced results between 25,000 and 24,000 years ago.Unfortunately, the lack of collagen in the child's bones means that we can learn nothing of its bone chemistry or DNA.[edit] A Morphological Hybrid But while this child's burial was of great importance in itself,another feature proved of crucial significance. When the boneswere unearthed, it was noticed that the proportions of its robust lower limbs were not those of modern humans but rather resembled those of a Neanderthal. Yet the two human forms are not thought to have coexisted later than 28,000 years ago in Iberia.How could the child have features of both forms?For example, Neanderthals had poorly developed chins and a jaw that sloped backward, where as modern humans have a pronounced chin; the child has a chin, but that whole region of the jaw slopes back, an archaic feature. The overall shape of its skull is modern, as is the shape of its inner ear (as revealed by CAT scans) - also the teeth, which are fairly small, especially the front ones. However, even though the head, painstakingly reconstructed from the scattered, crushed and deformed fragments, looks modern, one detail was detected - a pitting in the occipital region (known as semispinalis capitis fossae) -that is a diagnostic and genetic trait of Neanderthals alone.The obvious deduction - that this child is a morphological mosaic, a hybrid of Neanderthals and modern humans - has led to a bitter debate among specialists. Those who cannot accept such a concept have dismissed the skeleton as "a chunky modern child," yet this term itself highlights the dilemma, because early modern human skeletons are not chunky at all; they have longlimbs. It is Neanderthals who were chunky.It has also been suggested that the child's proportions reflect a cold adaptation in a modern human population - an apparent advantage in conserving body heat; this part of the world was very cold for a few millennia before the child's time, with icebergs off the coast of Portugal. However, adult skeletons from the same period, which are known from Wales, Moravia and even northern Russia, all display the tropical body proportions of Africans, with no cold adaptations.The unavoidable conclusion, therefore, on present evidence, is that the Lapedo child represents a hybrid of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. It is a modern child with genetically inherited Neanderthal traits - which means that the last Neanderthals of Iberia (and doubtless other parts of Europe) contributed to the gene pool of subsequent populations.
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【技术参数】——
视频编码: XviD
比特率: 1801 kb/s
Video 分辨率: 640x480
Video 画面比例: 4:3
音频编码: LAME MP3
音频比特率: 192 kb/s CBR
Audio 声道数: 2
分集时长: 49m
分集数: 1
体积: 702mb
发布人： jvt40【Technical Specs】——
Video Codec: XviD
Video Bitrate: 1801 kb/s
Video Resolution: 640x480
Video Aspect Ratio: 4:3
Audio Codec: LAME MP3
Audio BitRate: 192 kb/s CBR
Audio Channels: 2
RunTime Per Part: 49m
Number Of Parts: 1
Part Size: 702mb
Ripped by jvt40
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